Tenses "Present, Past, Future"

Tenses

Tenses humein action (kaam) ka time ya state batate hain: present (abhi chal raha hai), past (pehle ho chuka hai), aur future (aane waala hai). 

Har tense ke 4 forms hote hain: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, aur Perfect Continuous.

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Present Tense

Present tense ka use abhi ke action ya general truths ke liye hota hai.

1. Present Simple Tense

Structure: Subject + base verb (he/she/it aur single noun ke saath -s/-es lagta hai)

Use: Daily habits, facts, aur universal truths.

Examples:

• I play cricket every Sunday. 
• Main har Sunday cricket khelta hoon.

• She eats breakfast at 8 AM. 
• Woh subah 8 baje nashta karti hai.

• The sun rises in the east. 
• Suraj purab mein ugta hai.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Use: Abhi jo action ho raha hai, ya temporary situations.

Examples:

• I am studying now. 
• Main abhi padh raha hoon.

• They are playing football. 
• Woh log football khel rahe hain.

• She is cooking dinner. 
• Woh dinner bana rahi hai.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle (third form of verb)

Use: Jo action ab tak complete ho chuka hai, ya past mein hua aur uska effect ab tak hai.

Examples:

• I have finished my homework. 
• Maine apna homework khatam kar liya hai.

• He has gone to school. 
• Woh school ja chuka hai.

• They have visited Paris. 
• Woh log Paris ghoom chuke hain.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb + -ing

Use: Jo action past mein shuru hua aur ab tak chal raha hai.

Examples:

• I have been working here since morning. 
• Main subah se yahan kaam kar raha hoon.

• She has been reading for two hours. 
• Woh do ghante se padh rahi hai.

• They have been playing since 5 PM. 
• Woh log 5 baje se khel rahe hain.

Past Tense

Past tense un actions ke liye use hota hai jo pehle ho chuke hain.

1. Past Simple Tense

Structure: Subject + past form of verb

Use: Jo action past mein complete ho chuka hai.

Examples:

• I watched a movie yesterday. 
• Maine kal ek movie dekhi thi.

• She visited the museum last week. 
• Usne pichle hafte museum dekha.

• They played football in the park. 
• Unhone park mein football khela.

2. Past Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + was/were + verb + -ing

Use: Past mein jo action us time chal raha tha.

Examples:

• I was reading when he called. 
• Main padh raha tha jab usne phone kiya.

• They were playing outside. 
• Woh log bahar khel rahe the.

• She was cooking dinner. 
• Woh dinner bana rahi thi.

3. Past Perfect Tense

Structure: Subject + had + past participle

Use: Past ke do actions mein, jo pehle hua uske liye.

Examples:

• I had finished my work before he arrived. 
• Main apna kaam khatam kar chuka tha uske aane se pehle.

• They had left by the time we reached. 
• Woh log ja chuke the jab hum pohonche.

• She had completed the project. 
• Usne project complete kar liya tha.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + had been + verb + -ing

Use: Past mein jo action chal raha tha aur uska kuch time tak effect tha.

Examples:

• I had been working for hours before the break. 
• Main break se pehle ghanton tak kaam kar raha tha.

• She had been studying for two hours before the exam. 
• Woh exam se pehle do ghante se padh rahi thi.

• They had been waiting for a long time. 
• Woh log kaafi der se intezaar kar rahe the.

Future Tense

Future tense un actions ke liye use hota hai jo aane wale time mein honge.

1. Future Simple Tense

Structure: Subject + will/shall + base form of verb

Use: Jo action future mein hoga.

Examples:

• I will go to the market tomorrow. 
• Main kal market jaunga.

• She will come to the party. 
• Woh party mein aayegi.

• They will play football in the evening. 
• Woh sham ko football khelenge.

2. Future Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + will be + verb + -ing

Use: Future mein jo action kisi specific time par chal raha hoga.

Examples:

• I will be studying at 8 PM. 
• Main 8 baje padh raha honga.

• They will be playing outside. 
• Woh bahar khel rahe honge.

• She will be cooking dinner. 
• Woh dinner bana rahi hogi.

3. Future Perfect Tense

Structure: Subject + will have + past participle

Use: Future mein jo action kisi time tak complete ho chuka hoga.

Examples:

• I will have finished my work by 5 PM. 
• Main 5 baje tak apna kaam khatam kar chuka honga.

• They will have left by the time you arrive. 
• Woh tumhare aane tak ja chuke honge.

• She will have completed the project. 
• Woh project complete kar chuki hogi.

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure: Subject + will have been + verb + -ing

Use: Future mein jo action kuch time tak chal raha hoga.

Examples:

• I will have been working for two hours by 6 PM. 
• Main 6 baje tak do ghante se kaam kar raha honga.

• She will have been studying for three hours by then. 
• Woh tab tak teen ghante se padh rahi hogi.

• They will have been playing for an hour. 
• Woh ek ghante se khel rahe honge.

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