Pronouns and Pronoun Agreement

Pronouns aur Pronoun Agreement

Pronouns woh words hote hain jo nouns ko replace karte hain, takay hum repetition ko avoid kar saken aur sentences concise aur clear ban saken. Pronouns alag-alag tarike ke hote hain aur alag situations mein use hote hain.

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Types of Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns: Yeh pronouns kisi person ya thing ke baare mein directly baat karte hain.

Examples:

Singular: I, you, he, she, it

Plural: we, you, they

Usage:

• She is going to the market.
• Woh market ja rahi hai.

(yahan 'she' kisi ladki ka naam replace kar raha hai)

• They are playing football.
• Weh football khel rahe hein.

(yahan 'they' ka matlab group of people se hai)

2. Possessive Pronouns: Yeh pronouns ownership ya possession show karte hain.

Examples:

Singular: mine, yours, his, hers, its

Plural: ours, yours, theirs

Usage:

• This book is mine.
• Yeh kitaab meri hai.

(yahan 'mine' ka matlab hai mera)

• That house is theirs.
• Wo ghar unka he.

(yahan 'theirs' un logon ka ghar hai)

3. Reflexive Pronouns: Yeh pronouns action ko wapas subject par return karte hain, matlab subject khud par action perform kar raha hai.

Examples: 

Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, 

Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Usage:

• He made it himself.
• Usne khud yeh kaam kiya.

(yahan 'himself' dikhata hai ke usne khud yeh kaam kiya)

• They prepared themselves for the exam.
•  Unhone khud ko exam ke liye tayyar kiya

(yahan 'themselves' ka matlab hai unhone khud ko tayyar kiya)

4. Relative Pronouns: Yeh pronouns do clauses ko jodte hain aur unke beech relation dikhate hain.

Examples: 

• who, whom, whose, which, that

Usage:

• The girl who won the race is my friend.
• Ladki jo match jeeti wo meri friend hai.

(yahan 'who' girl ko define kar raha hai jo race jeeti)

• This is the book that I was talking about.
• Yeh wahi book hai jiske bare me, mein baat kar raha tha.

(yahan 'that' book ko specify kar raha hai)

5. Demonstrative Pronouns: Yeh pronouns specific person ya thing ko point out karte hain.

Examples: 

• this, that, these, those

Usage:

• This is my bag.
• Yeh Mera bag hai.

(yahan 'this' specific bag ko point out kar raha hai)

• Those are their books.
• Wo unki books hein.

(yahan 'those' unke books ko point out kar raha hai)

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Pronouns ko unke nouns, yaani antecedents, ke saath agree karna zaroori hota hai. Iska matlab hai pronoun aur noun gender, number, aur person mein match hone chahiye.

1. Gender Agreement:

- - Agar antecedent masculine hai, toh pronoun bhi masculine hona chahiye.

Example:

• John forgot his keys.
• John apni keys bhul gaya.

(yahan 'John' ka pronoun 'his' hai, jo masculine hai)

- - Agar antecedent feminine hai, toh pronoun bhi feminine hona chahiye.

Example: 

• Sarah lost her phone.
• Sarah ne apna phone kho diya.

(yahan 'Sarah' ka pronoun 'her' hai, jo feminine hai)

2. Number Agreement:

- - Agar antecedent singular hai, toh pronoun bhi singular hona chahiye.

Example: 

• The cat licked its paw.
• Cat ne apne panje ko chaata.

(yahan 'cat' ka pronoun 'its' hai, jo singular aur neuter hai)

- - Agar antecedent plural hai, toh pronoun bhi plural hona chahiye.

Example: 

• The students finished their homework.
• Students ne apna homework pura kar liya hai.

(yahan 'students' ka pronoun 'their' hai, jo plural hai)

3. Person Agreement:

- - Agar antecedent first person hai (jaise 'I' ya 'we'), toh pronoun bhi first person hona chahiye.

Example: 

• I lost my wallet.
• Mene apna wallet kho diya.

(yahan 'I' ka pronoun 'my' hai, jo first person mein hai)

- - Agar antecedent third person hai (jaise 'he', 'she', ya 'they'), toh pronoun bhi third person mein hona chahiye.

Example: 

• They completed their project.
• Unhone apna project pura kar liya hai.

('They' ka pronoun 'their' hai, jo third person aur plural hai)

Examples with Explanations:

• The boy found his lost dog.
• Ladke ko uska khoya us dog mil gaya.

Yahan antecedent 'boy' hai aur pronoun 'his' use hua hai kyunki 'boy' singular aur masculine hai.

• The teachers discussed their plans for the semester.
• Teachers ne semester ke liye Apne plans discuss kiye.

Yahan antecedent 'teachers' hai jo plural hai, isliye pronoun 'their' use hua hai jo plural aur third person mein hai.

• The girl who won the award was very happy.
• Ladki jo award jeeti thi, bahut khush thi.

Yahan relative pronoun 'who' girl ko specify kar raha hai jo award jeet gayi.

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