Modals and Auxiliary Verbs

Modals kya hote hain?

Modals wo special verbs hain jo kisi kaam ke hone ya na hone ki possibility (sambhavanayein / Imkaanaat), ability (Shamata / Salahiyat), permission (anumati / ijaazat), aur obligation (kartavya / farz) express karte hain. Ye main verb ke saath use hote hain aur alag-alag situations mein meaning convey karte hain.

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Common Modals aur Unka Use

1. Can

Ability ya Permission ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

I can swim.
Mujhe tairna aata hai - ability

Can I go to the park?
Kya main park ja sakta hoon? - permission

2. Could

Past ability (beete time mein ability), polite request, ya possibility ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

I could read when I was five.
Main paanch saal ka tha tab mujhe padhana aata tha - past ability

Could you pass me the salt?
Kya aap mujhe namak de sakte hain? - polite request

It could rain tomorrow.
Kal baarish ho sakti hai - possibility

3. Will

Future intention ya certainty (pakka krne) ko express karta hai.

Example:

I will visit you tomorrow.
Main kal tumse milne aaunga - future intention

She will be there.
Woh wahan hogi - certainty

4. Would

Polite request, imaginary situations ya past habit ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

Would you help me?
Kya aap meri madad karenge? - polite request

If I were rich, I would travel the world.
Agar main ameer hota, toh main duniya ghoomta - imaginary situation

When I was young, I would play outside all day.
Jab main chhota tha, tab poore din bahar khelta tha - past habit

5. Shall

Suggestions ya future action ko indicate karta hai (mainly formal ya British English mein).

Example:

Shall we dance?
Kya hum naachenge? - suggestion

I shall return by evening.
Main shaam tak wapas aaunga - future action

6. Should

Advice (salah) ya recommendation ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

You should study harder.
Tumhe aur mehnat se padhna chahiye - advice

Should I call her?
Kya mujhe usse call karna chahiye? - suggestion

7. May

Possibility ya permission ke liye use hota hai (formal situations mein).

Example:

It may rain today.
Aaj baarish ho sakti hai - possibility

May I come in?
Kya main andar aa sakta hoon? - permission

8. Might

Possibility express karta hai, par ye may se thoda kam sure hota hai.

Example:

She might join us for dinner.
Shayad woh humein dinner par join kare - possibility

9. Must

Obligation (kartavya / farz), necessity (zaroorat), ya strong advice ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

You must wear a seatbelt.
Tumhe seatbelt pehenni chahiye - obligation

I must finish this by tonight.
Mujhe ye aaj raat tak khatam karna hi hoga - necessity

Modals ke Usage ke Points

Modals ka use simple hota hai: ye kabhi bhi “-s”, “-ed” ya “-ing” form nahi lete.

Incorrect: "She cans swim."

Correct: "She can swim."

Modals ke baad hamesha base verb aata hai, bina “to” ke.

Incorrect: "I can to go."

Correct: "I can go."

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