Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject-Verb Agreement ka matlab hai ki subject aur verb sentence mein ek doosre se agree karte hain, yaani agar subject singular hai toh verb bhi singular hona chahiye, aur agar subject plural hai toh verb bhi plural hona chahiye. Ye agreement sentence ko grammatically sahi banata hai.

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Basic Rules: Singular aur Plural Verbs ke Rules

1. Singular Subjects ke saath Singular Verbs aate hain.

- - Jab subject singular hota hai, toh verb mein bhi singular form use karte hain.

Example:

She likes ice cream.
Use ice cream pasand hai.

(yahaan "she" singular subject hai, toh verb "likes" bhi singular hai.)

Example:

The cat runs fast.
Billi tez dodti hai.

(yahaan "cat" singular hai, toh verb "runs" bhi singular hai.)

2. Plural Subjects ke saath Plural Verbs aate hain

- - Jab subject plural hota hai, toh verb mein plural form use karte hain.

Example:

They like ice cream.
Unhe ice cream pasand hai.

(yahaan "they" plural hai, toh verb "like" bhi plural hai.)

Example:

The dogs run fast.
Kutte tez dodte hein.

(yahaan "dogs" plural hai, toh verb "run" bhi plural hai.)

Special Cases: Indefinite Pronouns aur Collective Nouns

1. Indefinite Pronouns ke saath Verb

- - Kuch indefinite pronouns singular hote hain, chahe woh ek group ko represent kar rahe hon.

Example:

Everyone wants to succeed.
Har koi kaamyaab hona chahta hai.

("Everyone" ek indefinite pronoun hai aur singular maana jata hai, isliye verb "wants" bhi singular hoga.)

Example:

Each of the students is responsible.
Har ek student responsible hai.

("Each" ko singular maana jata hai, toh verb "is" singular hoga.)

- - Kuch indefinite pronouns plural hote hain:

Example:

Few are interested in the topic.
Kuch hi topic mein intrested hein.

("Few" plural indefinite pronoun hai, toh verb "are" bhi plural hoga.)

2. Collective Nouns ke saath Verb

Collective nouns (jaise team, family, committee) ek group ko represent karte hain. Inka verb singular ya plural dono ho sakta hai, jo depend karta hai ki group ko as a whole ya as individual members treat kar rahe hain.

Example:

The team is winning the match.
Team match Jeet rahi hai.

(Yahaan "team" ek unit ke roop mein dekha ja raha hai, isliye verb "is" singular hai.)

Example:

The team are discussing their strategies.
Team apni strategies discuss kar rahi hai

(Yahaan team ke individual members ke action ko highlight kiya ja raha hai, toh verb "are" plural hai.)

3. Subjects Connected by "and" aur "or"

- - "And" ke saath: Jab do subjects "and" se jude hote hain, toh verb plural hota hai.

Example:

John and Mary are going to the party.
John aur Mary party mein ja rahe hein.

("John and Mary" ek plural subject hai, toh verb "are" bhi plural hoga.)

- - "Or" ya "Nor" ke saath: Jab do subjects "or" ya "nor" se jude hote hain, toh verb us subject ke saath agree karta hai jo verb ke paas hai.

Example:

Neither the teacher nor the students are here.
Naahi teacher naahi students yahan hein.

(Yahaan "students" ke according "are" verb use hua hai kyunki "students" verb ke kareeb hai aur plural hai.)

Example:

Either the boys or the girl is coming.
Ya to ladke ya fir ladki aa rahi hai.

(Yahaan "girl" ke according "is" verb use hua hai kyunki "girl" verb ke kareeb hai aur singular hai.)

4. Phrases between Subject aur Verb

- - Kabhi kabhi subject aur verb ke beech kuch extra phrases aa jaati hain, jo subject-verb agreement ko change nahi karte. Verb sirf subject ke saath agree karna chahiye, na ki beech ke phrases ke saath.

Example:

The book with all its chapters is interesting.
Book apne sabhi chapters ke sath intresting he.

(Yahaan "book" singular hai, isliye verb "is" bhi singular hai, bhale hi "with all its chapters" phrase beech mein ho.)

5. Titles aur Names ka Use

- - Titles, movies, books, ya organizations ke naam singular hi hote hain, chahe wo plural lagte hon.

Example:

The United States is a large country.
Usa ek badi country hai.

(Yahaan "The United States" ek singular unit ke roop mein dekha ja raha hai, isliye verb "is" singular hai.)

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