Conditionals
Conditionals English mein aise sentences hain jo kisi condition aur uske possible result ko show karte hain. Conditionals hypotheticals, yaani ki "agar ye hota, toh wo hota" type situations ko express karte hain. Inmein ek condition clause hota hai (usually "if" se start hota hai), aur ek result clause hota hai.
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Types of Conditionals
1. Zero Conditional
Structure: If + present simple, present simple
Usage: Zero conditional ka use universal truths ya facts ke liye hota hai, jo hamesha true hote hain.
Example:
- If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
- Agar aap paani ko 100°C tak garam karte hain, toh wo ubalta hai.
- If it rains, the ground gets wet.
- Agar baarish hoti hai, toh zameen geeli ho jaati hai.
2. First Conditional
Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb
Usage: First conditional future mein kisi real ya possible situation aur uske probable result ko show karta hai.
Example:
- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
- Agar kal baarish hogi, toh main ghar par rahoonga.
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- Agar tum mehnat se padhoge, toh tum exam pass kar loge.
3. Second Conditional
Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb
Usage: Second conditional hypothetical ya unlikely situations ke liye use hota hai jo future ya present mein ho sakti hain, lekin chances kam hain.
Example:
- If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world.
- Agar main ek millionaire hota, toh main duniya ghoomta.
- If she had a car, she would drive to work.
- Agar uske paas car hoti, toh woh kaam par drive karke jaati.
Note: "If I were" ka use yaha hypothetical situations ke liye kiya jata hai, chahe subject singular ho ya plural.
4. Third Conditional
Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
Usage: Third conditional past ke hypothetical situations ko express karta hai, jo ho nahi sakti kyunki past mein wo situation ho chuki hai.
Example:
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- Agar maine aur mehnat se padha hota, toh main exam pass kar leta.
- If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
- Agar woh pehle nikalte, toh woh train pakad lete.
Note: Ye regrets ya missed opportunities ko express karta hai.
5. Mixed Conditional
Structure: Ye usually past aur present ko mix karta hai:
Past condition (third conditional) + Present result (second conditional)
Usage: Mixed conditional ka use us past situation ko batata hai jo ab tak effect kar rahi hai.
Example:
- If I had taken that job, I would be living in New York now.
- Agar maine wo job li hoti, toh ab main New York mein reh raha hota.
- If she hadn’t missed the bus, she would be here now.
- Agar usne bus miss nahi ki hoti, toh woh ab yahan hoti.
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