Clauses Aur Phrases

Clauses aur Phrases

Clauses

Clause ek group of words hai jo ek sentence ka part hota hai. Clause mein subject aur verb hota hai, jo ek thought ya idea express karta hai.

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Independent aur Dependent Clauses

Independent Clause: Yeh woh clause hai jo apne aap mein complete thought express karta hai aur akela bhi sentence ban sakta hai. Ismein subject aur verb dono hote hain.

Example: 

• She loves dancing.
• Use dance pasand hai.

(Yahaan "She loves dancing" ek independent clause hai kyunki yeh complete idea hai aur yeh akela sentence bhi ho sakta hai.)

Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause): Yeh woh clause hai jo apne aap mein complete thought nahi express karta aur ek independent clause par dependent hota hai meaning complete karne ke liye. Ismein bhi subject aur verb hote hain, lekin yeh akela sense nahi banata.

Example: 

• Because she loves dancing
• Kyunki wo dance pasand karti hai.

(yahaan yeh dependent clause hai kyunki agar hum isse akela likhenge, toh iska complete meaning nahi samajh aayega.)

Combined Example: 

• She goes to dance classes because she loves dancing.
• Voh dance karne jaati hai kyunki use dancing pasand hai. 

 Yahaan "She goes to dance classes" ek independent clause hai aur "because she loves dancing" ek dependent clause hai jo reason batata hai.

2. Relative Clauses

Relative clauses woh clauses hain jo noun ke baare mein zyada detail dete hain. Yeh clauses relative pronouns se start hote hain, jaise who, whom, which, that.

- - Who/Whom: "Who" aur "whom" logon ke liye use hote hain.

Example: 

• The teacher who teaches English is very kind.
• Teacher Jo English padhata he bahut achcha hai.

(Yahaan "who teaches English" ek relative clause hai jo teacher ke baare mein zyada batata hai.)

Example: 

• The person whom I met yesterday is my cousin.
• Vah person jisse main kal mila tha mera cousin hai. 

( Yahaan "whom I met yesterday" additional information de raha hai person ke baare mein.)

- - Which: "Which" non-living cheezen ya animals ke liye use hota hai.

Example:

• The book which you lent me is interesting.
• Vah kitab jo tumne mujhe di interesting hai.

(Yahaan "which you lent me" ek relative clause hai jo book ke baare mein extra information de raha hai.)

- - That: "That" logon aur cheezen, dono ke liye use ho sakta hai.

Example: 

• The car that he bought is new.
• Car Jo usne kharidi new hai.

(Yahaan "that he bought" relative clause hai jo car ke baare mein detail de raha hai.)

Note: Relative clauses sentence ko additional detail aur clarity dene ke liye use hote hain. Yeh dependent clauses hote hain aur sentence ka core meaning unke bina bhi clear rahta hai.

3. Phrases

Phrase ek group of words hota hai jisme subject ya verb nahi hota. Yeh complete thought nahi banata, lekin yeh sentence mein detail add kar sakta hai.

Types of Phrases

Noun Phrase: Yeh phrase noun ki tarah act karta hai, yaani ek person, place, thing, ya idea ko represent karta hai. Ismein noun ke saath kuch modifiers bhi hote hain.

Example: 

• The tall building
• Oonchi building.

(yahaan "the tall building" ek noun phrase hai jo building ke baare mein detail de raha hai.)

Example: 

• A beautiful red rose
• Khubsurat lal gulab.

(Yahaan "a beautiful red rose" ek noun phrase hai jo rose ke baare mein detail de raha hai.)

Adjective Phrase: Yeh phrase adjective ki tarah act karta hai aur kisi noun ya pronoun ke baare mein zyada information deta hai.

Example: 

• The house on the hill.
• Pahaad ki Choti per Ghar.

(yahaan "on the hill" ek adjective phrase hai jo house ke baare mein detail de raha hai.)

Example: 

• A girl with blue eyes.
• Blue eyes wali ek ladki.

(yahaan "with blue eyes" adjective phrase hai jo girl ko describe kar raha hai.)

Adverb Phrase: Yeh phrase adverb ki tarah act karta hai aur kisi verb, adjective, ya adverb ke baare mein zyada information deta hai.

Example: 

• He drives with great care.
• Voh great kar se drive karta hai.

(yahaan "with great care" adverb phrase hai jo drive karne ka tarika bata raha hai.)

Example: 

• She sang in a melodious voice.
• Usne raseeli awaaz mein Gaya

(Yahaan "in a melodious voice" ek adverb phrase hai jo singing ka tarika batata hai.)

Summary

Clauses mein subject aur verb dono hote hain aur yeh complete thought (independent) ya incomplete thought (dependent) express kar sakte hain.

Relative Clauses noun ke baare mein zyada detail dete hain aur relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) se start hote hain.

Phrases mein subject ya verb nahi hota, aur yeh sentence mein extra detail ya information add karte hain (jaise noun, adjective, aur adverb phrases).

Is tarah, clauses aur phrases sentence mein additional meaning aur context provide karte hain aur sentence ko zyada informative banate hain.

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