Who Vs Whom
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1. Basic Difference Between Who and Whom
Who ko hum tab istemaal karte hain jab woh insaan ya cheez action kar raha ho, yaani subject ho.
Jaise:
- Who called you?
- Tumhe kisne bulaya ya call ki?
Yaha "who" ka istemaal action (call karna) karne wale ke liye hai.
Whom ka istemaal tab hota hai jab woh insaan ya cheez action ko receive kare, yaani object ho.
Jaise:
- Whom did you call?
- Tumne kisko call ki ya bulaya?
Yaha "whom" ka istemaal call receive karne wale ke liye hai.
2. Recognizing "Who" as the Subject
Jab who ko istemaal kiya jata hai, toh woh insaan ya cheez action perform karta hai.
Jaise:
- Who is coming to the party?
- Party mein kaun a raha hai?
Yaha "who" party mein aane wale insaan ke liye hai.
3. Recognizing "Whom" as the Object
Jab whom ka istemaal hota hai, toh woh usually prepositions ke saath aata hai aur action ko receive karta hai.
Jaise:
- Whom did you invite to the party?
- Tumne kise party mein invite kiya hai?
Yaha "whom" us insaan ke liye hai jo invite ho raha hai.
4. Tips for Remembering "Who" vs "Whom"
Tip 1: Who ke liye "he/she" aur whom ke liye "him/her" substitute kar sakte hain.
- - Agar "he/she" fit hota hai, toh who istemaal karo.
- - Agar "him/her" fit hota hai, toh whom istemaal karo.
Example:
- Who/Whom should I contact?
Test: "Should I contact him?" -> Toh yaha "whom" correct hai.
Correct answer: Whom should I contact?
5. "Who" and "Whom" in Formal and Informal English
Informal English mein, aksar log who ka istemaal whom ki jagah bhi kar lete hain. Lekin formal writing ya speaking mein whom sahi grammar accuracy dikhata hai.
Example:
Informal:
- Who did you give the book to?
- Tumne kisko book di thi?
Formal:
- To whom did you give the book?
- Tumne kisko book di thi?
6. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Mistake: Kabhi kabhi who ka istemaal tab ho jata hai jab insaan action receive kar raha hota hai.
Correction: Sentence ko "him/her" ke saath check karo. Agar sahi lagta hai, toh whom istemaal karo.
Example:
Mistake:
- Who are you talking to?
- Tum kis se baat kar rahe ho?
Correction:
- Whom are you talking to?
- Tum kis se baat kar rahe ho?
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