Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns aur Uncountable Nouns English grammar ke do important types hain. Inka achhe se samajhna sentence banate waqt sahi words aur quantifiers use karne mein madad karta hai. Yahaan hum countable aur uncountable nouns ke characteristics, examples, usage rules aur common mistakes ke baare mein samjhenge.
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1. Countable Nouns
Countable nouns wo nouns hain jo individual units ke roop mein count kiye ja sakte hain. Inke singular aur plural forms dono hote hain.
Examples:
- apple, car, child, idea, bottle
Usage Rules for Countable Nouns
1. Singular aur Plural Forms
Countable nouns singular ya plural ho sakte hain.
Singular:
- a dog, an apple
- Ek kutta, ek seb
Plural:
- two dogs, three apples
- Do kutte, teen seb
2. Articles (a, an, the) aur Numbers (one, two, three) ka Countable Nouns ke saath Use
Countable nouns ke saath articles aur numbers use kar sakte hain.
Example:
- I have a book.
- Mere paas ek kitaab hai.
- He bought three apples.
- Usne teen seb kharide.
3. Plural Form mein -s ya -es add karna
General form mein countable nouns ke plural banane ke liye -s ya -es add karte hain.
Example:
- Cats - billiyaan
- boxes - dabbe
4. Questions aur Negative Sentences mein ‘Any’ ka Use
Questions aur negative sentences mein plural countable nouns ke saath ‘any’ use karte hain.
Example:
- Are there any chairs in the room?
- Kya kamre mein koi kursiyaan hain?
- There aren’t any pens left.
- Wahan koi pen nahi bacha hai.
2. Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns, jise mass nouns bhi kehte hain, wo nouns hote hain jo individual units mein count nahi kiye ja sakte. Inka koi Plural form nahi hota aur yeh aksar ek "mass" ya "quantity" ki tarah dekhe jaate hain jo divide nahi kiya ja sakta.
Examples:
- water, sugar, knowledge, love, furniture
Usage Rules for Uncountable Nouns
1. No Plural Forms
Uncountable nouns ka plural form nahi hota.
- Correct: water,
- Incorrect: waters
Example:
- I need water.
- Mujhe paani chahiye
2. Articles (a, an) ka Use nahi hota Uncountable Nouns ke saath
Hum "a" ya "an" uncountable nouns ke saath use nahi karte kyunki yeh individually count nahi kiye ja sakte.
- Correct: I need advice. Mujhe salaah chahiye.
- Incorrect: I need an advice. Mujhe ek salaah chahiye. – incorrect
3. Quantifiers for Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns ko measure ya specify karne ke liye "some," "a lot of," "a little," "much," etc. jaise quantifiers use karte hain.
Example:
- I have some information.
- Mere paas kuch jaankari hai.
- She needs a little milk.
- Usko thoda doodh chahiye.
4. Containers aur Units ke saath Specify karna
Kyunki uncountable nouns ko count nahi kar sakte, hum containers ya measurement units ka use karte hain, jaise "a bottle of water," "a piece of furniture."
Example:
- A piece of advice
- Ek salaah ka hissa
- Two liters of milk
- Do liter doodh
5. Questions aur Negative Sentences mein ‘Much’ ka Use
Questions aur negative sentences mein uncountable nouns ke saath "much" use karte hain.
Example:
- Do you have much rice?
- Kya tumhare paas zyada chawal hai?
- She doesn’t have much patience.
- Uske paas zyada dhairya nahi hai.
Key Differences Between Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Common Mistakes
1. Uncountable Nouns ke saath Articles ka Use karna
Incorrect:
- She has a knowledge.
- Uske paas ek gyaan hai.
Correct:
- She has knowledge.
- Uske paas gyaan hai.
2. Uncountable Nouns ke Plural Form ka Use
Incorrect:
- I bought some furnitures.
- Maine kuch furnitures kharide.
Correct:
- I bought some furniture.
- Maine kuch furniture kharida.
3. Uncountable Nouns ke saath “Many” ka Use
Incorrect:
- Do you have many rice?
- Kya tumhare paas zyada chawal hai?
Correct:
- Do you have much rice?
- Kya tumhare paas zyada chawal hai?
Countable aur uncountable nouns ka difference samajhne se aap speech aur writing mein inka sahi tarike se use kar paenge aur aapki communication aur clear aur correct hogi.
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